Wentzl - a noble, patrician, merchant and banking family

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The Wentzl’s (derived from Vencelík or Wentzelickh (meaning descended from Wenceslaus or in Czech Václav), other derivations include Wentzel, Wentz’l, Wenzlick, Wanclik) and their relations played distinguished parts in commercial, banking, academic, literary and other affairs. Their descendants and heirs are alive and well today.

The Polish Wentzl Family is a branch of an old Bohemian family of wealthy nobles, mine owners, merchants and bankers, the Venceliks, humanists and generous donors of fine arts during the Renaissance period and subsequently.

The first records concerning the Vencelik barons of Vrchoviště, kin of the Smíšek family (see below), with whom they also shared the basic heraldic symbol in their coat-of-arms - the charge of a white unicorn in an azure field - date to the era of the last Přemyslid Kings of Bohemia. The family came to the Kutné Mountains region with its flourishing silver mining industry (see Kutná Hora) and soon members of the family became Masters of the Imperial Mint (and managers of their own silver mines). Václav Vencelík bought Žirovnice Castle in 1485, and subsequently the family reconstructed it significantly. In 1492, Václav Vencelík and his brothers Michal and Jan II. Knap obtained the status of 'říšských pánů' (Barons of the Holy Roman Empire, styled Reichsfreiherr von Sarabitz ze Sarabie) from Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich III. Vaclav died in Třešť in 1515, but was buried in Žirovnice. Other properties in Bohemia that once belonged to the Venceliks included Nová Včelnice and Stráž nad Nežárkou.

Václav Vencelík of Vrchoviště had two brothers, Jan Smíšek (died c.1497) (progenitor of the Smíšek z Vrchoviště family, a wealthy ore and copper merchant, owner of mines, owner of Hrádek (now the Czech Museum of Silver and Silver Mining) and several urban houses in Kutna Hora) and Michal (1483 - 1511) (progenitor of the Libenicky z Vrchoviště family, Hofmeister of Kutná Hora and also an owner of Hrádek). See here the beautiful Smíšek Gradual, commissioned and owned by Michal Smíšek and now in the Austrian National Library in Vienna. Another branch of this family is the Wentzl or Wentzel von Sternbach zum Stock und Luttach Family.

In 1545 the Malovec Family became masters of Kamnice nad Lipou, which they held for 76 years. Under their rule the Chateau was reconstructed (mainly in 1580-1583). In 1610 Zikmund Matěj Vencelík of Vrchoviště, the Commissioner of the Bechyně Region, became the demesne owner through his marriage with Anna Magdalena Malovcová. He took part in the Uprising of the Estates against Ferdinand II. All of his property was confiscated in 1622.

In 1490, Václav Vencelík of Vrchoviště (Virchowitz) bought the Castle of Třešť (German: Triesch) from Zdeněk Šternberk of Šternberk (Sternberg), together with Třešť village, the adjoining demesne and the villages of Jezdovice and Buková as a gift for his son, Matěj Vencelík of Vrchoviště. The Vencelík Barons of Vrchoviště and Sarabitz owned Třešť from 1490 to 1626, when those that supported the Protestant creed had their property confiscated (the last owner of the estate fought on the losing side at the Battle of White Mountain, in consequence some four-fifths of the nobility of Bohemia were dispossessed and obliged to emigrate). The last Vencelík / Wentzl to own Třešť was Kryštof Adam Vencelík z Vrchovišt a na Třešťi (d.1626), married to Regina Dietrichstein (1 voto Herberstein) (d.1630), whose great-grandmother was Barbara von Rottal (1500 - 1550), illegitimate daughter of Emperor Maximilian I(1486 - 1519), wife of Sigmund von Dietrichstein auf Hollenburg (1484 - 1533), whom the Emperor was said to have favoured as a son. Their wedding was celebrated in July 1515 in Vienna in the presence of the Emperor. In the 16th Century the Vencelík Family founded the Lutheran church of sv. Kateřiny Sienské in Třešť, where may be found the tombs of Jan Václav Vencelík and of Regina z Ditrichštejna.

Johann Wenzel Vencelík von Vrchoviště (died 1606) was known to have had a collection of the publications of Martin Luther, Melancthon and other early Reformist thinkers in his library at Třešť. Among the supporters of reform the Venceliks were considered to be moderates.

A more detailed history of the Vencelík Family and of Třešť under its ownership may be found here.

The family re-established itself in Poland. Maksymilian Wentzel (1750 - 1813) (son of Johann) [i] and his wife Tekla Wierzchanowska (1764 - 1841) had four sons, Jan Kanty Wentzl (1784 - 1866), Antoni Wentzl (1785 - 1855), Maciej Szymon Wentzl (1788 - 1868) andJózef Maciej Wentzl (c.1796 - 1857), and a daughter, Tekla Agnieszka Barbara Wentzl (1792 - 1866). Tekla Wentzl married Jan Chrzciciel Stummer (Sztummer) (1784 - 1845) (admitted to the Mazovian nobility with crest/herb: Radzisław), Chief Medical Officer of the Polish Army, President of the Medical Council of the Kingdom of Poland and holder of the Gold Cross of the Army of the Duchy of Warsaw [ii].

Jan Kanty Wentzl (Jan Kanty Wentzel) (1784 - 1866), was a merchant and restauranteur trading under the name “J. Wentzl”. Following his marriage to Marianna Haller (1796 – 1880), daughter of Balcer (Balthazar) Haller, Jan Wentzl and his wife acquired from the Haller Family the mansion Pod Obrazem at 19 Rynek Główny (the Great Square)[iii], on the ground floor of which he operated his restaurant, founded in 1792. This restaurant operated there under the name “Restauracja Pod Obrazem” (Restaurant Beneath the Painting), with the family living above, until after the death of Anna z Wentzlów Laskowska in 1936, becoming among the best known in Kraków. In 1826 Jan Wentzl is also shown as the tenant of five shops and three cellars in the building at number 35 Rynek Główny (known as "Krzysztofory"). The Hallers were a wealthy merchant and patrician Kraków family (descended from Jan (Johann) Haller (1463 - 1525), a merchant and one of the first commercial printers in Poland, whose publishing house printed c. 250 publications from 1505 to 1525, including the works of Erasmus of Rotterdam and Nicholas Copernicus) [iii]. Other notable members of the Haller family included Lt. General Józef Haller von Hallenburg (1873 - 1960) and General Stanisław Haller (1872 –1940), Chief of the General Staff, murdered at Katyn.

The mansion at 19 Rynek Główny and its business affairs including the restaurant were passed down from Jan Wentzl through his son Konrad Wentzl (1820 – 1897), who married Józefa Brzeska (1833 – 1901), via Konrad’s sons Ignacy Karol Wentzl (1866 – 1926) (arespected Architect, whose son Maciej (1903 - 1924) died prematurely) and Maciej Marian Wentzl (1870 – 1932) to their sister, Anna Laskowska, nee Wentzl (1884 – 1936), who was married to Franciszek Laskowski, but without issue. They lived mainly separate lives, Anna in Krakow, her husband at his country estate.

Under her Testament Anna Wentzl (Anna z Wentzlów Laskowska) [v] established The Family Foundation of the Wentzl Families (Polish: Fundacja Familijna Rodziny Wentzlów), bequeathing the mansion at Rynek Główny and the business of J. Wentzl to the Family Foundation [vi]. The Testament expressly required that the house be held by the Family Foundation permanently and that under no circumstances should it be sold.

Under the Testament of Anna Wentzl, the object of the Family Foundation is to use its income to provide material benefits to the descendants of Anna’s cousin, Maria Waleria z Wentzlów Moczarska (1854 – 1937) and her husband Ludwik Moczarski (1831 – 1901), to the descendants of Mr Józef Rostafiński and to the descendants of Mr Józef Stummer, in each case until the line is fully extinct. The named children of Ludwik Moczarski and Maria Waleria z Wentzlów Moczarska were: Professor Zygmunt Adolf Moczarski, Maria Waleria z Moczarskich Zawadzka (vel Zawodska), Helena z Moczarskich Około-Kułak and Wanda z Moczarskich Peszke. From these lines there are descendants alive today, each within the class of beneficiaries of The Family Foundation of the Wentzl Family, all descended from the Wentzl Family.

Family members who belong to the class of beneficiaries of the Fundacja Familijna Rodziny Wentzlów under the Testament of Anna z Wentzlów Laskowska can contact the law office "Gajek i Wspólnicy. Adwokaci i radcowie prawni sp. k." in Warsaw for more information and support. You will find all contact details on the law office's website at: www.mgiw.pl

For many years, we have taken action to create the Foundation and have the opportunity to pursue the will of our cousin, and also the donor of the Foundation's assets - Anna z Wentzlów Laskowska. We are very proud of our connections with the Wentzl family, the home of the Wentzl family and Krakow.

In the event of extinction of the families entitled to receive benefits, Anna directed that the income of the Family Foundation should be used for the assistance of older ladies of Roman Catholic religion, from good families, who find themselves either temporarily or permanently in straitened financial circumstances. Provision was also made for the maintenance of the house.

The Testament appointed as the first Board of Trustees Anna’s husband, Franciszek Laskowski, Dr Antoni Mazanek, her lawyer and Executor of her Testament, and Jerzy Władysław Zawodski, who died in Buchenwald in 1942 (married to Sabina Maria Jaxa-Marcinkowska h. Gryf (1905 - 1973)). He was the son of Franciszek Zawodski (1873 - 1956) and Maria Waleria z Moczarskich Zawodska (1877 - 1961) and the father of Hanna Sabina z Zawodskich Szamotulska, (1941 -), married to Wojciech Szamotulski (1943 -), mother of Maciej Jerzy Szamotulski (1976 -) and Marcin Wojciech Szamotulski (1979 -). Anna directed that future Trustees should be chosen from among worthy respected people giving an assurance that they will work in the direction outlined by her Testament.

The family was not involved in the selection or appointment of the current Board of Trustees of our Family Foundation nor with the occupiers of the building at 19 Rynek Główny or in their arrangements with the Foundation.

By her Testament Anna entreated that each Board of Trustees should arrange that on the Feast of Corpus Christi, on the First Sunday after Corpus Christi, on the Octave, and on the Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary (the procession takes place four times a year) for all time in remembrance of her Family, they should erect an altar on the days when the Church arranges processions on the Kraków Rynek, as had been the custom of the Family. Anna declared that all of the decorations of the altar were her property and bequeathed it to the Family Foundation. She stated that they comprised of wooden parts, steps, frames, boards, a table, altar frames, a crimson curtain, 4 matching cloth rosettes, a large carpet, garnish for the frames (three pieces) in scarlet, 6 wooden candlesticks, a painting representing the Head of Christ the Lord (always hung on a rope), two milky cases, 4 candelabra, a linen tablecloth, a napkin for the Tabernacle, candle holders and a candle extinguisher. She said that the Tabernacle is always borrowed from the Church of St. Mark.

After the death of Anna Wentzl her executors sold various items from the house, including the stone fireplace, which was acquired by the Jagiellonian University in Krakow for its Senate House.

Due to the intervention of World War II, Post War Soviet Occupation and Communism and the consequent political and legal environment in Poland, the Family Foundation of the Wentzl Family and its ownership of the mansion at 19 Rynek Główny was not formally confirmed by the Polish Courts until 16 October 1998 [vii]. In this mansion, which is owned by the Family Foundation of the Wentzl Family, there are now operated a hotel, a restaurant and a cafeteria under the name Wentzl [viii]:

Hotel Wentzl - http://www.hotelwentzl.com/en

Restauracja Wentzl - http://restauracjawentzl.com.pl/en/

Słodki Wentzl - http://slodkiwentzl.pl/en/

In 1935 Anna z Wentzlów Laskowska and Franciszek Laskowski endowed the National Museum in Kraków (Polish: Muzeum Narodowe w Krakowie) with the large legacy of Anna’s brother Maciej Wentzl, which included glassware, ceramics, jewelry (with some patriotic pieces), timepieces and snuffboxes [ix].

Józef Tomasz Rostafinski (crest/herb: Jastrzębiec) was a well known Botanist, Professor of The Jagiellonian University of Krakow and author of "Przewodnik do oznaczania roślin w Polsce dziko rosnących" ("Guide to the Wild Plants of Poland") - of which there were 21 editions from 1886 to 1979 - and originator of the "Rostafinski Method" of plant classification [x]. He was the father of Jan Rostafinski(1882 - 1966), Agronomist and Zoologist, Professor of The Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), and grandfather of Wojciech Rostafinski (1921 - 2002), decorated Home Army (AK) soldier, participant in the 1944 Warsaw Uprising (codename "Maslowski"), who later emigrated to the USA and became a NASA scientist, an engineer and author [xi]. His name is in the Avenue of Honour in the space exploration Space Walk of Fame. He was married (in 1949) to Maria Sikorska. The son of Wojciech Rostafiński, Tomasz Jan Rostafiński, is a doctor of psychology in Chicago, where, apart from scientific work, he is involved with the Polish radio station. He has two daughters, Karolina Rostafiński-Merk and Anna Rostafiński.

Maksymilian Wentzl’s second son, Antoni Wentzl (1785 – 1855), who married Karolina Zychoniowa (1792 - 1850), was a Head of Department (Naczelnik Wydziału) at The Bank of Poland (Polish: Bank Polski), as was their son Amilkar Wentzl (1813 - 1881). They also had a second son, Jan Wentzl (1825 - 1867) and two daughters, Aniela Wentzl (1810 - 1890) and Karolina Wentzl (1826 - 1896) [xii].

Maksymilian’s third son, Maciej Szymon Wentzl (1788 - 1868), was highly trained in commerce and enjoyed travel and adventure, even once being enslaved by Turkish pirates. He later became a long serving Director of The Bank of Poland (from 1840 – 1865) [xiii - xv] and was awarded the Order of St Stanislaus II Class. In 1845 Maciej Wentzl and his descendants were admitted as members of the Mazovian Nobility (with the crest/herb: Zbroja) [xvi]. Maciej married Maria Zuzanna Bayer (Bajer) (1795 - 1876), daughter of Franciszek Bayer and Justyna Morbitzer, members of prominent merchant families (Antoni Morbitzer was President of the Krakow Municipal Council (1812 - 1815, the final years of the Duchy of Warsaw) - overseeing a significant investment program in the development of the City, its efficient functioning and modernisation and development as a trading centre, against a backdrop of Napoleon's war with Russia in 1812 and two year's of Russian occupation; he was supported in this by Konrad Wentzl). Together they had a son Adolf (Adolphe) Maciej Bayer Wentz’l (1819 - 1892) and two daughters, Wilhelmina Justyna Tekla Wentzl (1818 - 1908), who married Michał Rostafiński (1807 - 1881), a Director of The Bank of Poland from 1865 – 1874 [xvii], and Berta Wentzl (1828 - 1907).

Adolf Wentz’l belonged as a young man to an underground Polish patriotic organisation. He was sent by the family to his Mother's brother, Julian Bayer (1806 - 1873), in Trieste, where he worked in his uncle's firm, learning English and Italian (he also knew French, German, Greek, Latin, Polish and Russian) (Julian Bayer was also an employee of the Bank of Poland and later a Professor in Warsaw). When the Bank of Poland wanted to establish its Mint in London he was offered the post of Manager there. As the Manager of the Mint he made arrangements on behalf of the Bank with London Zinc Mills for minting coinage. It was while living in England that (on 17 November 1849) Adolf Wentz’l married a widowed Protestant English lady, Anna Maria Hewlins (primo voto Eachus, widow of Dr. George Eades Eachus, a Surgeon, composer and violinist), from Emsworth in Hampshire [xviii]. Adolf became stepfather to Anna's three young children. The eldest daughter, Mary Eachus, died young, but her son, George Eachus, became an outstanding engineer, living in Enfield. Anna Eachus, Anna's younger daughter, remained with her Mother and died in Warsaw in 1920. When the Mint closed, Adolf Wentz'l, renowned for his integrity, became the London agent of the trading house of Baron Anton Fraenkel, the financier and founder of Credit Foncier. Adolf Wentz’l and his family later moved to Paris, where he became the Private Secretary to Baron Fraenkel for a time, before retiring and returning to Poland, where he bought an estate near Blonie, Krasnicza Wola (40 wolki; about 420 acres)(near Grodzisk Mazowiecki), near to his sister Wilhelmina, married to Michał Rostafiński, at Kludno. On returning to Poland the family first lived in an apartment in the house of Maksymilian Fajans, on Krakowskie Przedmiescie, at that time one of the few houses in Warsaw with mains drainage. Fajans was a photographer who was constantly trying to improve his art. He had just started to enlarge photographs and asked for permission to take pictures of Mr and Mrs Wentz'l and their beautiful, newly married, daughter Maria Waleria Moczarska (shown here).

Adolf and Anna had three children. Adolf (Adolphe) Maciej Bayer Wentzl II (1852 - 1892), who married Maria Plebańska (no issue), Thaddeus (died aged 6) and a daughter, Maria Waleria Wentzl (1854 -1937), who married Ludwik Antoni Moczarski vel Mocarski (1831 - 1901) [xix] in Dresden in 1873. They had first met in London, where he had been sent by The Bank of Poland, for which he worked. The very talented Adolf Maciej Bayer Wentz'l studied Engineering, first in England, then in Germany. In an unfortunate accident he was injured while testing a new engine. Despite two years of careful medical treatment, his health was ruined. He changed to Agriculture, completing his studies at the University of Halle, Germany. He was a keen naturalist (after his death his skilfully mounted collections of insects were donated to the Jagiellonian University and to the Academy of Science, his telescope and microscope to the University). He also managed the estate at Krasnicza Wola to a high level, selecting and improving the breed of cattle, which became famous in the region, calves and heifers much sought after. English and French were the main languages of the house. Zygmunt Moczarski spent much of his upbringing here, until the successive double loss of his beloved Grandfather and Uncle, when, affected by these losses, he chose not to look after the estate and it was sold, which he later regretted. Adolf Maciej II died aged 40 in 1892 from Typhus, contracted through tending to others who had contracted this disease. After her husband's death, his widow, Maria Wentz'l worked as a secretary in the Warsaw Library and also translated books - in 1899 H.G. Well's influential science fiction novel "The War of The Worlds" (first edition in 1898) was first published in Poland, translated into Polish by Maria Wentz'l (nee Plebańska) Maria Plebańska, was the eldest daughter of Prof. J.K. Plebański, former professor at the Central Academy (Szkola Glowna), a historian, who lived at Izdebno, inherited by his wife from the Skorzewski family. Clementina Tanski-Hoffman (authoress) was brought up at Izdebno.

Ludwik Moczarski was the third son of Antoni Moczarski (1787 - 1867) and Franciszka Zawadzka. Antoni Moczarski's parents were Jan z Mocar Moczarski vel Mocarski (1716 - c. 1790) (crest/herb: Łada) [xx] and his third wife Anna Supińska. Jan was hereditary owner ofMocarze [xxi] the estate comprised of Mocarze Budne, Mocarze Dziubiełe, Mocarze Starawies, Bartki and Zabłotne, adjacent villages, in the parish of Burzyn near the Biebrza Marshes in Łomża County, c.50km North-East of Warsaw. Some 1200 acres were purchased in 1435 by two brothers, Maciej and Jan Moczarski, as confirmed in a patent by Wladysław, Prince of Mazovia.

This old Mazovian noble family is descended from Piotr Pilcha / Pilch / Pelko, Castellan of Czersk (1224) (the main administrative centre of the Duchy of Czersk - before Warsaw the seat of the Piast Family, ruling Dukes of Mazovia), a confidant of Prince Konrad of Mazovia and a member of a then widely known noble family (whose crest was Jastrzębiec - "jastrząb" means "goshawk", one of the oldest Polish crests / noble clans, whose ancestor in 998 was accorded by King Boleslaw the Brave the addition of a horseshoe to his crest in honour of a successful recorded act of valour). For his impressive victory against the Jadzwings (Prussians) in about 1220, Piotr Pilch was given the village Łada and became the first to be given the crest / herb Łada, taking Łada as his family name. From his son Wladysław Łada, Commander of the Army of Mazovia, also came Mikołaj [Nicholas] Moczarski vel Mocarski (c.1590 - 1638), the last Colonel of the Lisowszcycy – “The Horsemen of the Apocalypse” [xxii] (and see the enigmatic "The Polish Rider" attributed to Rembrandt, a Lisowczyk?).

“In the burnt-down church of Barefoot Carmelites [the fire occurred in 1803], there was a black marble gravestone to Mikołaj Łada Mocarski, colonel of the Lisowczycy.” Those words can be read in „Obraz Miasta Lublina” (A Picture of the City of Lublin), published in 1839. The text of the Latin inscription was noted by Szymon Starowolski (1588 – 1656), a priest and a writer: "The noble knight of old blood, the famous Sir Mikołaj of Mocar Mocarski, son of Ziemia Wiska [medieval north-eastern Mazovia], chevalier of the Łada crest. The Commander of mounted troops of His Royal Majesty. Thoroughly educated in Catholic faith, he twice prevailed over the Moskal [Muscovites]. For Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, he stood against and inflicted pain on his enemies : Gabriel of Transylvania and Frederick, Electoral Palatine [at The Battle of White Mountain 1620]. At Chocim, he faced the Ottomans in battle without fear. In Prussia, he inspired great fear and terror in Gustav, Duke of Södermanland [later Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden]. In the Borderlands of our Patria he stood watch and defended her most fervently. And when the eyes of all Polish warriors were on him and admired him, death cold-heartedly found him. He fell to his death pierced by rebelling Kossacks [in] violent tumult at Kumeyki Village” (translated from Latin by O. A. Smagacz of the Order of Barefoot Carmelites in Lublin)[xxiii].

Mikołaj Moczarski received honourable mention in the historian Simon Starowolski's book on "Sarmatian Warriors" ("Wojownicy sarmaccy, czyli pochwały mężów słynących męstwem wojennym w pamięci naszej lub naszych pradziadów" - containing biographical information on some 130 Polish and Lithuanian kings and knights), first published in Latin in the 17th century: "Mikołaj Moczarski, especially prominent in the art of war, which in our times still sustains that flourishing branch, beginning bravely in Prussia. He maintained the fame of Lisowski, winning many actions against Swedish troops (he later won a series of victories in the years 1634 - 1636)".

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Family Tree

References

Testament (and certified English translation) of Anna Laskowska (nee Wentzl) - Anna z Wentzlów Laskowska

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Vendéliques

(Redirigé depuis Vindélicie)

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Les Vendéliques ou encore Vindélices, Vindéliciens¹, en latin Vindelici, Vindolici ou Vindalici, désignent un peuple habitant une ancienne région romanisée sous le nom de Vindélicie. Elle s'étend entre le Danube au nord qui a été sur le limes de Germanie), la Norique à l'est au delà de l'Oenus (Inn), la Rhétie première au sud et la Gaule à l'ouest qui commence par l'ancien territoire des Helvètes. Cela correspond aujourd'hui au territoire comprenant la partie nord-est de la Suisse, le sud-est de la région de Bade, et le sud du Wurtemberg et de la Bavière.

Sommaire

[masquer]

1 Habitants de la Vindélicie

2 Histoire

3 Sources

4 Notes et références

Habitants de la Vindélicie[modifier]

La Vindélicie primitive soumise l'an 15 avant J.-C. et protégée par les Romains prend son nom latin de l'accolement de deux rivières qui l'encadrent, la Lech et la Wertach, autrefois dénommée Licus et Windo. Notons que Vindo, Winda en latin, provient d'un mot celte signifiant « blanche ». Les populations déclarés celtes ou gauloises par les conquérants, mais en réalité des Suèves dissidents soutenant en cachette les peuples Rhètes dans leur farouche résistance à Rome, se nomment : Licates, Rucciinates, Caténates, Consuanetes...

Comme les Suèves se doivent d'être l'allié des Romains, cette région est conquise et intégrée de facto à la province de Rhétie. Les troubles qui éclatent permettent aux légions victorieuses d'accroître le périmètre de sécurité au Danube. Les habitants sont dénommés par commodité Vindéliques.

Le principale citadelle de Vindélicie est l'oppidum de Manching près d'Ingolstadt. Sur ce territoire, une ville est fondée par les légions romaines de drusus la colonia Augusta Vindelicorum qui devient l'« Augusta des Vindélices » ou Augsbourg). Elle est après 90 la plus importante et la plus prospère de Rhétie avant que l'empereur Marc-Aurèle l'en sépare, fondant ainsi la Rhétie seconde dans le diocèse d'Italie. La Rhétie première reste alpine, centrée sur Coire.

Si la vieille culture archéologique de la Vindélicie appartient sans conteste à La Tène, les habitants romanisés au III^e siècle réinventent le gentilé Vindelices oublié, conscients que leurs ancêtres celto-germaniques parlaient un langage celtique, alors qu'il fréquente de plus en plus étroitement le monde germanique. Les érudits étymologistes ont pu noter aussi que d'autres peuples antiques proches ont un nom apparent : Vandales, Vénèdes, Vénètes ou Wendes ou encore le camp romain antique de Vindonissa, aujourd'hui au nord de la Suisse. Mais faut-il préciser que les Vendéliques qui doivent leur nom aux deux rivières qui traversent leurs territoires, sont le produit d'une mythogénèse latine. Toutefois, parmi les tribus ou régions qui leur sont inféodées, on trouve les Brigantii (dans la région de Bregenz), les Estiones (région de Kempten), les Licates (vallée de la Lech) et plus à l'est les Catenates, les Cosuanetes et les Rucinates, attestant l'importance de la cité capitale Augusta Vindelicorum et la vieille influence suève sur ce qui est aujourd'hui le sud du Wurtemberg et la Bavière occidentale.

Počiatky rodu sa podľa Poľskej národnej legendy datujú okolo roku 960 n.l. kedy bol Skubek povýšený medzi družiníkov kniežaťa Ziemomysla . Od tej doby sa uvádzal ako rod Wężyk , ktorý mal svoje rodové sídlo Wola Wężykowa. Rozrastaním rodu sa vytvorili nové vetvy , Kostrowicky, Osinsky, Vestersky, Borkovsky, Goriansky, Podolsky ... Rod sa veľmi rýchlo rozrástol. Smonk v podobe hada, ktorého Skubek podľa legendy zabil, sa stal rodovým symbolom a neskôr erbom. Na rozdiel od Germánskej či tzv. západoeurópskej tradície , kde erb mohol mať v rode každý z bratov iný, mali Poliaci až do konca 15 storočia erb rodový, ktorý vyjadroval pokrvnú príbuznosť tak ako v škótsku , či keltskom Írsku. Rod už začiatkom 15 storočia mal priezvisko vyprofilovane a už aj historicky zaznamenane... Pôvod mena Venžík je evidentne preukázaný z poľštiny - litovčiny. Jedná sa o fonetický prepis čítaného slova Wężyk - tak, ako ho počujú tí, čo nepoznajú správnu výslovnosť (tj. cudzinci,). (pozn.: a = „on" , e = „oen"- číta sa veľmi krátko „o" sa hltá, y po ž sa číta mäkko a stredne dlho), Podľa mena Wąż - Had , číta sa Vonž , Wężyk - z hada, patriaci hadovi , číta sa Venžík , - patronim pri tvorbe sufixu v priezviskách v Poľštine. V Poľštine je jeden had - Wąż a (dva) hadi už sú Węży. Asi hovorovým spôsobom vzniklo množné číslo Wężyki . Z toho spätne pre jednotné číslo vzniklo pomenovanie Venžík - Wężyk . Obdobne aj v Slovenčine sú koncovkou -ík, -ník, tvorení slová les - lesník a pod. Preto neskôr nebolo možné ako u iných Poľských rodov k nemu priradiť cudzích, bez pokrvnej príbuznosti, len podľa podobnosti mena, lebo ich meno už bolo evidentne vytvorene v dávnej dobe a je nezameniteľné, takže iné sa na neho ani nepodobalo. Wężyki sú teda všetci príbuzní a potomkovia SKUBEKA !

Pôvodná vetva osídľovala Miechov, Poleje a Osiny v Krakovsku. Rod patrili medzi Mazovské kniežatá ( ksiac – kniežatko) až do Horodelskej únie. Vroku 1410 tiahol kráľ WŁADYSŁAW JAGIEŁŁO a jeho brat VITOŁD -Veliké Knieža Litevské do vojny proti rádu nemeckých rytierovan. V ich osobnej družine a stráži bol aj Jan Wężyk z Dąbrowy ktorý tlmočil z nemeckého jazyka a Mikołaj Wężyk i Bogufał kuchmistri kráľovský. Príslušníci rodu boli medzi 47 rodmi pri založení Velikého kniežatstva Poľko-Litevského, Rzeczipospolitej Obojga Narodow 2.10. 1413 v Horodle. Od tejto doby sú „prísažné“ rody Horodelskej únie považované za najvyššiu Poľskú a Litovskú šľachtu, ktorej sú i tzv. kniežacie (v Poľsku a Litve sa šľachta odvtedy nedelila na hodnosti) rody povinné preukázať úctu. Iba prísažné rody mohli voliť a byť zvolený za Veľké Knieža. Venžíci obsadzovali najvyššie funkcie ako Vojvoda Vielopolski, Vojvoda Koniecpolski, Vojvoda Belsky, Zemský sudca, Veliteľ vojsk, Hlavný lovčí a pod. Pôsobili aj ako starostovia a kasteláni miest Vschov, Miechov, Krakov a i. Rodu patrili i hradné sídla Kowale, Drahimia, Kornik a iné... Potomkovia z vetiev Kostrowicky a Sulkovsky sa stali Veľkými Kniežatami Litvy a Ambrozievic zasa Malopoľské a České Knieža a Český princ. Družiníci Goriansky, z kráľovskej družiny doprevádzajúcej princeznú Annu, ktorá sa mala vydať za Uhorského kráľa Ladislava I- Svätého, sa stali významným magnátskym rodom Uhorska. Títo vládli ako Báni v Slavónii, Sriemsku a Mačve. Z oboch vzniknutých vetiev Gorianskych sa príslušníci rodu striedali Uhorskými palatínmi, kde vykonávali faktickú vládu v mene Kráľa nad Uhorskom viac ako 100 rokov. Ich hlavné sídla boli Devín, Budín a Siklos. Patrila im aj Liptovská župa, Uhrovec a Presburg (Bratislava). Medzi významné cirkevné osobnosti patril aj Jan Venžík, ktorý sa stal Arcibiskupom Hniezdenským a Prímasom Poľským, ktorý po smrti kráľa Vladislava vládol pod interegnum ako de jure Vice Rex , až do zvolenia nového Kráľa.. Týmto rod dostal výsadu Korunovať kráľov Poľska, čo sa aj niekoľko krát stalo a obdržal i iné významné výsady. Ako Prímas Poľský mal aj svetskú hodnosť Kniežat rýše rýmskej. Z rodu bolo viac biskupov-kniežat a kňazov. No nielen Duchom, ale hlavne mečom vládli Venžíci. Iný Ján Venžík udelil ako Vojvoda Podolský zdrvujúcu porážku Tatárom . Ako dôkaz ich statočnosti svedčí fakt, že piati príslušníci rodu obdržali najvyššie vojenské vyznamenanie Order Virtutti Militery. Toto vyznamenanie je považované za jedno z troch najhonosnejších vojenských Radov na svete, spolu s Victoria Cross a Cross of Glory . Iný boli držiteľmi Radu Bieleho orla, či Radu Sv. Juraja. Venžíci ako významní velitelia vojsk sa presadzovali aj mimo Poľsko a Litvu. O príslušníkoch rodu sú v Poľsku viaceré Národné legendy opisujúce ich hrdinské činy. V Česku bol Vladika Jiřík kapitánom Naměšti nad Oslavou, Jan Dionísius hejtmanom Letovíc , Jaroš zasa rakúskeho Hardegu. Patrili medzi ochrancov povestnej Biblie Kralickej, ktorá i vďaka nim sa zachovala dodnes. Náhrobný kameň Jiříka sa nachádza uložený v Kralickom kostole. Na území dnešného Slovenska sa uvádzajú už od roku 1540. Stanislav Venžík si okolo roku 1590 zobral za manželku baronesu Alžbetu Pograny, dcéru Baróna Benedikta Pograny de Nemes Kürt. Zúčastňoval sa bojov proti Turkom. Pograny bol vlastníkom a kapitánom hradu Vigľaš a významný proti Turecký bojovník v hodnosti Zadunajského generála . Svoje dcéry vydal za najstatočnejších veliteľov svojho vojska, Stanislausa Venchika a Ladislausa Zay de Cömör. Stanislav Venžík neskôr padol v boji proti Turkom okolo roku 1595 v bitke o Nové Zámky. Nakoľko sa sobášom s baronesou Alžbetou Pograny stal zároveň švagrom baróna Ladislava Zay, jeho potomkov uchýlili Zayovci k sebe na hrad Uhrovec, ktorý im už v tej dobe patril (Týmto sobášom sa opäť pokrvne stretajú s vetvou z Gorian) No viac ako o siroty, sa Zay zaujímal hlavne o ich majetky najmä v Nemes Kürth (Zemianske sady) , hrad Vígľaš a kaštieľ Jaslovské Bohunice, v ktorých mali ako spoluvlastníci významný podiel. Akým spôsobom ich Zayovci pripravili o majetok nieje celkom známe. Pravdepodobne ešte ako majetok sirôt previedli pod svoju správu. Alžbeta sa vydala po druhý krát za deda posledných sedmohradských kniežat , Sebastiána Tököly de Kecsmárk. Od tej doby ďalší Venžíci pôsobili v službách Zayovcov. Tu zastávali významné hospodárske funkcie. V roku 1659 im panovník obnovil šľachtický stav pre Uhorsko a celú Sv. Ríšu Rímsku , opäť za zásluhy v boji proti Turkom. V roku 1675 sú uvádzní v súpise šľachty Bratislavskej stolice. No ako málo majetný rod sa nepresadili v žiadnych významných funkciách. Výnimkou je Gašpar Venchik , ktorý pôsobil okolo roku 1845 ako prísažný prísediaci Prešporskej stolice.

Sobášmi je rod pokrvne spriaznený s Uhorskými rodmi Zay de Cömör, Balassa de Gyarmat, Pograniy de Nemes Kurt, Kohary de Czabrak, Kálnoky de Kövöszpatak, Dobsa , Pongracz, Vanko, Trebichavský, Babindali, Tököly, Schura, Kozič, Mlynár, Kušnier .

Po roku 1804 odišli z Uhrovca a usadili sa v Trnave a jej okolí. Tu žijú Venžíci dodnes. Ján Wenžik bol aj príslušníkom delostreleckej brigády v Trenčíne, ktorá zohrala významnú úlohu pri vzniku samostatného Československa po skončení prvej svetovej vojny.

Z iných krajín kde pôsobili Venžíci je treba pripomenúť významného Francúzskeho poeta Guilieme Venzik Kostrowicky - Apolinaire, ktorý bol zároveň aj vnukom Napoleona I. Taktiež Českého učenca a zakladateľa reálneho Českého školstva Jozefa Wenzika (Wenziga) , ktorý bol aj učiteľom Žofie Chotkovej, manželky následníka Rakúsko-Uhorského trónu, ktorých zavraždili v Sarajeve. Jeho najznámejšími sú libretá k k Smetanovým operám Libuša , Dalibor a iné. Po Jozefovi Wenzigovi je v centre Prahy pomenovaná ulica. V súčasnosti na internete je možno nájsť Venžíkov po celom svete. Pôsobia od výpočtového strediska NASA, cez ekológov v Amazonskom pralese, či ako lekári v Egipte, alebo riadia obchodný koncern v Holandsku či lodenice v Rusku. Aj Venžíkov ako športovcov v medzinárodných súťažiach možno nájsť, či študentov univerzít ...

Autor textu: Ladislav Venžík

Venžík or Polish origin Wężyk a Polish family.

Arystokratycznej rodzinie of Siedziba w Czech, Morawa and

(Być w may Czeska Królewstwem)

przed after Biala Gora

Rod wykazano wcześniej życia

File: Venzik.jpg

Crest

The origins of the genus, according to Polish national legends date back to around 960

Kr. when he was promoted between Skubek družiníkov kniežaťaZiemomysla

. Since then, as stated Wężyk family, who had his family seat

Wola Wężykowa. Sprawl family to create new branches, Kostrowicky,

Osinska, Vestersky, Borkovský, Goriansky, Podolsky ... Rod is very

quickly expanded. Smonk in the form of a serpent, which according to legend Skubek

killed, became a symbol of gender and later arms. Unlike the Germanic

or so. Western European tradition, where the arms could have rode in any of

other brothers, the Poles had until the end of the 15th century ancestral coat of arms, which

reflect the affinity of blood as in Scotland, Celtic and Ireland. Genus

early 15th century was profiled last name and has also historically

recorded ...

Origin of name Venžík is clearly demonstrated from the Polish - Lithuanian. This

is the phonetic word is read Wężyk - as you hear those who

know the correct pronunciation (ie foreigners). (Note: a = "on", e =

"Oen" - read the very short "o" devours, y to z is spoken softly and moderate

long), In the name of the WAZ - Snake, read the Vonž, Wężyk - the snake, belonging

serpent, read the Venžík - patrons to create a suffix on surnames in

Polish. In Polish it is a snake - and WAZ (two) snakes are already Węży. About

colloquial manner originated plural Wężyki. It recovered to

singular term originated Venžík - Wężyk. Similarly, in

Polish the suffix-ik,-nik, word forest - and the forester.

Therefore could not be later than in other Polish families assigned to him

foreign, no bloodline relationship, only under the name similarity, because their

name has been clearly established in ancient times and is irreplaceable, so

others not even resemble him. Wężyki are therefore all the relatives and

Skubeka descendants.

The original branch settled by Micah, spill and pain in Krakow. Rod included

between Masovian princes (ksiac - kniežatko) until Horodelskej Union.

In the period 1410 kráľVladislav Jagiellonian and dragged his brother Vitold - Lithuanian

archduke to war against the Teutonic Order. In their personal retinue

a guard was also Wężyk Jan Dabrowa of which conveyed the German language and

Mikołaj Wężyk i Bogufał kuchmistri royal. Family members were among

47 genera in establishing the polka-Lithuanian veľkokniežatstva (Rzeczipospolitej

Obojga Narodowy) 10.02 1413 Horodle. Since then, the "oath" genera

Horodelskej Union considered the highest Polish and Lithuanian nobility,

which are also called. prince (in Poland and Lithuania since the nobility nedelila

on rank) to demonstrate respect for families. Only sworn and families to vote

be elected for the archduke.

Venžíci occupied in steps as the highest function Vielopolski Duke, Duke

Koniecpolski, Duke Belsky, Regional judge, army commander, and Master hunter

below. Served as mayors and warden posts ICT, spinal cord,

Krakow and Others Genus also included the Castle residence Kowal, Drahimia, Kornik and other ...

Descendants of branches and Kostrowicky Sulkovsky become great prince

Lithuania and Ambrozievic turn Lesser Czech and Bohemian prince and prince.

Družiníci Goriansky, the royal entourage accompanying a princess Anna,

to be issued under King Ladislaus I of Hungary, Holy, became

significant gender magnate of Hungary. They ruled as Bani in Slavonia,

Srem and MACV. Arising from both branches are members Gorianskych

family turns Uhorskými Palatine, where the government carried out practically on behalf of

The king of Hungary more than 100 years. Their main headquarters were Devin Buda

and Siklos. Belonged to them and Liptovská County, and Uhrovec Presburg (Bratislava).

Major religious figures included the Venžík John, who became

Hniezdenským archbishop and primate of Poland, after the death of King

Vladislav ruled under interegnum as de jure Vice Rex, until the election

New King .. This family got the privilege of crowning the kings of Poland, as well as

happened several times and received and other important privileges. As Primate of Poland

also had a secular princes rank Holy Roman Empire. The family was more

bishops, priests and princes. But only the Spirit, but mainly ruled by the sword

Venžíci. Other than John Venžík gave Duke Podolsky crushing defeat

Tatars. As proof of their courage demonstrated by the fact that the five members

family received the highest military decoration Order Virtutti Militery.

This award is considered one of the three najhonosnejších

Military ranks of the world, along with the Victoria Cross and Cross of Glory. Other

were in possession of the White Eagle, and St. Council. George. Venžíci as

prominent commanders of troops to enforce outside Poland and Lithuania. O

the members of the family are in Poland several national legend describing their

heroic deeds. In the Czech Republic was vladika captain George Namest nad Oslavou

Jan Dionísius captain Letovice, Jaros Austrian Hardeg again. Included

between the defenders of the notorious Kralice Bible, which also thanks to them

has been preserved.

On the territory of Slovakia are listed since 1540. Stanislav Venžík

to around 1590, took to wife Elizabeth Pograny baroness, daughter

Baron Benedict Pograny Kürt de Nemes. He participated in the battles against

Turks. Pograny was the owner and captain of the castle Vígľaš a significant anti-

Turkish fighter in Transdanubian rank of general. My daughter went to

najstatočnejších commanders of his army, and Stanislaus Venchika

Ladislaus de Zay Comoro. Stanislav Venžík later fell in battle against

Turks around the year 1595 in the Battle of New Castle. Since the marriage of

Baroness Elizabeth Pograny while her husband became Baron Ladislaus Zay,

Zayovci his descendants fled to the castle itself Uhrovec that they had in the

it belongs (this marriage is once again come together by blood, with a branch of Gorian).

No more than orphans, Zay is mainly concerned about their property in particular Nemes

Kurth (Zemianske sets), castle and manor Vígľaš Bohunice in

which were co-owners as a significant proportion. How does their

Zayovci prepare the property is not fully known. Probably more than

orphans property transferred under its administration. Since then further Venžíci

engaged in services Zayovcov. There have held important economic functions.

In 1659, the ruler restored aristocratic status for Hungary and the whole St.

Rome's empire, once again merit in the fight against the Turks. In 1675, the uvádzní

in inventory nobility Bratislava stool. But how few are wealthy family

have failed in any important positions. The exception is Venchik Gaspar,

who worked around the year 1845 as a sworn juror Prešpor

stool.

Family by blood marriage is associated to strains from Hungary Zay de Comore, Balassa

de Gyarmati, Pograniy de Kurt Nemes, Kohar Czabrak de, de Kálnoky

Kövöszpatak, Dobsa, Pongracz, Vanko, Trebichavský, Babindali, J ",

Schur, the bottles, miller, Kušnier.

After 1804, they went from Uhrovec and settled in Trnava and its surroundings. Living here

Venžíci today. John was also a member Wenžik artillery brigade

Trencin, which played an important role in the establishment of the independent Czech and

Slovakia after the First World War.

In other countries where the act is to be noted Venžíci significant

French poet Guile Venzik Kostrowicky - Apolinaire, which was

also a grandson of Napoleon I. Also, the Czech scholar and founder

Real Czech Education Joseph Wenzika (Wenzig), which was also

teachers Chotkova Sophie, wife of heir the throne of Austria-Hungary,

were killed in Sarajevo. His best known are the libretto for the

Libuša cream again, Dalibor and others. After Joseph is Wenzig

the center of Prague named street. Currently, the Internet can find

Venžíkov worldwide. Operate from the NASA data center, through

environmentalists in the Amazon, or as doctors in Egipto, or manage

business group in the Netherlands and Russia in the yard. Even as Venžíkov

athletes in international competitions can be found, or university students

Traduction (slovaque > français)

Venžík ou d'origine polonaise Wezyk une famille polonaise.

rodzinie Arystokratycznej de w Siedziba tchèque, Morawa et

(W BYC peut Czeska Królewstwem)

przed après Biala Gora

wykazano Rod wcześniej zycia

Fichier: Venzik.jpg

Crest

Les origines du genre, selon les légendes nationales polonaises remontent à environ 960

Kr. quand il a été promu entre kniežaťaZiemomysla družiníkov Skubek

. Depuis lors, que la famille a déclaré Wezyk, qui avait son siège famille

Wola Wężykowa. L'étalement de la famille pour créer de nouvelles succursales, Kostrowicky,

Osinska, Vestersky, Borkovsky, Goriansky, Podolsky ... Rod est très

rapidement élargi. Smonk sous la forme d'un serpent, qui selon la légende Skubek

tué, est devenu un symbole du sexe et des armes plus tard. Contrairement à la germanique

ou alors. Western tradition européenne, où les armes pourrait avoir roulé dans l'un des

autres frères, les Polonais avaient jusqu'à la fin de la robe du 15ème siècle ancestrales des armes, qui

reflète l'affinité du sang comme en Ecosse, le Celtic et l'Irlande. Genre

début du 15e siècle a été profilée nom de famille et a également passé

enregistrés ...

Origine du nom Venžík est clairement démontrée de la Pologne - Lituanie. Cette

est le mot phonétique est lu Wezyk - que vous entendez ceux qui

connaître la prononciation correcte (à savoir les étrangers). (Note: un e = "on", =

"Oen" - lire le très court "o" dévore, y à z est parlé doucement et modérée

long), Au nom de la WAZ - Snake, lire le Vonž, Wezyk - le serpent, appartenant

serpent, lire le Venžík - au public de créer un suffixe des noms de famille dans

Polonais. En polonais, il est un serpent - et WAZ (deux) serpents sont déjà Węży. A propos

manière familière origine du pluriel Wężyki. Il s'est rétabli à

terme singulier origine Venžík - Wezyk. De même, dans

Polonais le suffixe-ik,-nik, forêt mot - et le forestier.

Par conséquent ne pouvait pas être plus tard dans d'autres familles polonaises qui lui sont assignées

étrangers, aucune relation lignée, que sous le nom de la similitude, parce que leur

le nom a été clairement établie dans l'Antiquité et est irremplaçable, de sorte

d'autres même pas lui ressembler. Wężyki sont donc tous les parents et

Skubeka descendants.

La branche d'origine réglé par Micah, déversement et de la douleur à Cracovie. Rod inclus

entre les princes de Mazovie (ksiac - kniežatko) jusqu'à ce que Horodelskej Union.

Dans la période 1410 Jagellonne kráľVladislav et a entraîné son frère Vitold - Lituanie

archiduc à la guerre contre l'Ordre Teutonique. Dans leur suite personnelle

un gardien a également été Wezyk Jan Dabrowa dont transmis la langue allemande et

Mikołaj Wezyk i Bogufał kuchmistri royale. membres de la famille ont été parmi les

47 genres dans l'établissement du veľkokniežatstva polka-Lituanie (Rzeczipospolitej

Obojga Narodowy) 10.02 1413 Horodle. Depuis lors, le «serment» genres

Horodelskej Union considéré comme la plus haute noblesse polonaise et lituanienne,

qui sont aussi appelés. prince (en Pologne et en Lituanie depuis le nedelila noblesse

sur le classement) à faire preuve de respect pour les familles. Seuls les sous serment et les familles de vote

élus pour l'archiduc.

Venžíci occupés dans les étapes comme la plus haute fonction Vielopolski Duke, Duke

chasseur Koniecpolski, duc Belsky, juge régional, commandant de l'armée, et Master

ci-dessous. Servi en tant que maires et préfet TIC postes, la moelle épinière,

Cracovie et autres Genre également la résidence Château Kowal, Drahimia, Kornik et d'autres ...

Descendants des branches et Kostrowicky Sulkovsky devenir grand prince

Lituanie et Ambrozievic tour Lesser tchèque et le prince de Bohême et de prince.

Družiníci Goriansky, l'entourage royal accompagnent une princesse Anna,

qui sera publié sous le roi Ladislas I de Hongrie, Saint, est devenu

magnat significative entre les sexes de la Hongrie. Ils ont décidé que Bani en Slavonie,

Srem et MACV. Découlant de ces deux branches sont membres Gorianskych

la famille se transforme Uhorskými Palatin, où le gouvernement a mené pratiquement au nom du

Le roi de Hongrie plus de 100 ans. Leur siège principal ont été Devin Buda

et Siklos. Leur appartenait et Liptovská comté, et Uhrovec Presbourg (Bratislava).

Principaux chiffres des musulmans: John Venžík, qui est devenu

Hniezdenským archevêque et primat de Pologne, après la mort du roi

Vladislav a statué en vertu de interegnum de jure Rex vice, jusqu'à l'élection

New King .. Cette famille a obtenu le privilège de couronner les rois de Pologne, ainsi que

arrivé à plusieurs reprises et a reçu et d'autres privilèges importants. Comme primat de Pologne

a également eu un princes séculiers rang Saint Empire romain germanique. La famille a été plus

évêques, les prêtres et les princes. Mais seul l'Esprit, mais principalement gouverné par l'épée

Venžíci. Autre que John a donné Venžík duc Podolsky cuisante défaite

Tatars. Comme preuve de leur courage démontré par le fait que les cinq membres

famille a reçu la plus haute décoration militaire Ordre Virtutti Militery.

Ce prix est considéré comme l'un des trois najhonosnejších

Les grades militaires du monde, ainsi que la Croix de Victoria et la Croix de la Gloire. Autres

étaient en possession du Conseil de l'Aigle blanc, et Saint-Laurent. George. Venžíci que

commandants des troupes en vue de faire respecter dehors de la Pologne et la Lituanie. O

les membres de la famille sont en Pologne légende nationale plusieurs décrivant leurs

actes héroïques. Dans la République tchèque a été le capitaine George Vladika Namest nad Oslavou

Jan capitaine Dionísius Letovice, Jaros Hardeg autrichienne à nouveau. Inclus

entre les défenseurs de la fameuse Bible Kralice, qui a aussi grâce à eux

a été préservé.

Sur le territoire de la Slovaquie sont répertoriés depuis 1540. Stanislav Venžík

aux alentours de 1590, prit pour femme Elizabeth Pograny baronne, sa fille

Kürt Baron Pograny Benoît Nemes de. Il a participé aux batailles contre les

Turcs. Pograny était le propriétaire et capitaine du château Viglas une activité anti-

des chasseurs turcs dans le classement général de la Transdanubie. Ma fille est allée à

commandants najstatočnejších de son armée, et Stanislas Venchika

Comores Ladislas Zay de. Stanislav Venžík tomba plus tard dans la bataille contre

Turcs autour de l'an 1595 dans la bataille de New Castle. Depuis le mariage de

Baronne Elizabeth Pograny tandis que son mari est devenu baron Ladislas Zay,

Zayovci ses descendants ont fui vers le château lui-même Uhrovec qu'ils avaient dans le

il appartient (ce mariage est de nouveau réunis par le sang, avec une branche de Gorian).

Pas plus que les orphelins, Zay est principalement préoccupés par leur propriété en particulier Nemes

Kurth (ensembles Zemianske), château et du manoir Viglas Bohunice en

qui ont été co-propriétaires en proportion significative. Comment ne leur

Zayovci préparer la propriété n'est pas entièrement connue. Probablement plus que

biens transférés orphelins sous son administration. Depuis plus Venžíci

affectés à des services Zayovcov. Il ya lieu d'importantes fonctions économiques.

En 1659, le souverain restauré statut aristocratique pour la Hongrie et l'ensemble Saint-

empire de Rome, une fois de plus le mérite dans la lutte contre les Turcs. En 1675, le uvádzní

dans la noblesse d'inventaire Bratislava selles. Mais combien peu riche famille

ont échoué dans tous les postes importants. L'exception est Venchik Gaspar,

qui ont travaillé autour de l'année 1845 en tant que juré sous serment Prešpor

selles.

Famille par le mariage du sang est associée à des souches de la Hongrie Zay de Comore, Balassa

Gyarmati de, Pograniy de Kurt Nemes, Kohar Czabrak de, de Kalnoky

Kövöszpatak, Dobsa, Pongracz, Vanko, Trebichavský, Babindali, "J,

Schur, les bouteilles, meunier, Kušnier.

Après 1804, ils sont passés de Uhrovec et s'installe à Trnava et ses environs. Vivre ici

Venžíci aujourd'hui. John était aussi un membre de la brigade d'artillerie Wenžik

Trencin, qui a joué un rôle important dans la mise en place de l'indépendance tchèque et

La Slovaquie après la Première Guerre mondiale.

Dans d'autres pays où l'acte est à noter Venžíci significative

Poète français Guile Venzik Kostrowicky - Apolinaire, qui a été

également un petit-fils de Napoléon I. En outre, le savant tchèque et fondateur

Real tchèque Education Joseph Wenzika (Wenzig), qui a également été

enseignants Chotkova Sophie, épouse de l'héritier du trône d'Autriche-Hongrie,

ont été tués à Sarajevo. Son plus connus sont le livret de l'

crème Libusa nouveau, Dalibor et d'autres. Après que Joseph est Wenzig

centre de la rue de Prague nommé. Actuellement, l'Internet, on trouve

Venžíkov à travers le monde. Opérer à partir du centre de données de la NASA, par le biais

environnementalistes en Amazonie, ou les médecins en Egipto, ou de gérer

groupe d'activités aux Pays-Bas et la Russie dans la cour. Même que Venžíkov

athlètes dans les compétitions internationales peuvent être trouvées, ou des étudiants universitaires

...

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. The first Slavic states, known through written sources, to be inhabited by West Slavs were the Empire of Samo (623 - 658), the Principality of Moravia (8th c. - 833), the Principality of Nitra (8th c. - 833) and Great Moravia (833 - c. 907). The Sorbs and other Polabian Slavs likeObodrites

and Veleti came under direct Holy Roman Empire domination after the Wendish Crusade^[5] in the Middle Ages and had been strongly Germanized by Germans at the end of 19th century.

^{The Polabian language survived
until the beginning of the 19th century in what is now the German state
of Lower Saxony.[6] To this day survived only 60.000
of Sorbs living predominantly in Lusatia, a region on the territory
of modern Germany in the states
of Brandenburg and Saxony.[7]}

Historically, Western Slavs were also called Wends (Venedi or Venedae in Jordanes and Tacitus). Sometimes this term was limited to Western Slavic peoples living within the Holy Roman Empire, though not always. Misico I, the first historical ruler of Poland, also appeared as Dagome, King of the Wends (Old Norse Vindakonungr).

eradicated heathenism, and founded the bishoprics at Wrocław, Colberg, and Cracow, and an archbishopric at Gniezno. Boleslav carried out successful wars against Bohemia, Moravia, Kievan Rus and Lusatia, and forced the western Pomeranians to pay Poland a tribute. Shortly before his death Boleslav became the first King of Poland 1024.

Germaniae veteris typus (Old Germany.),Aestui, Venedi, Gythones and Ingaevones on the right upper corner of the map Edited by Willem and Joan Blaeu), 1645.

Wends (Old English: Winedas, Old Norse Vindr, German: Wenden, Winden, Danish: Vendere, Swedish: Vender) is a historic name for West Slavs living near Germanic settlement areas. It does not refer to a homogeneous people, but to various peoples, tribes or groups depending on where and when it is used. Today, it is used either in historical contexts or as a catch-all term for Kashubians, Lusatian Sorbs, and their descendants, like the Texas Wends.

Historically, Wends often referred to Western Slavs living within the Holy Roman Empire, though not always.

Mieszko I, the first historical prince of Poland, also appeared as "Dagome, King of the Wends" (Old Norse: Vindakonungr). In Latin manuscripts (Jordanes, Pliny, Tacitus), Wends or Venedi is the designation for West Slavs, as opposed to Antes (East Slavs) and Sclavenes (South Slavs). The name has also survived in Finnic languages (Finnish: Venäjä, Estonian: Vene, Karelian: Veneä) denoting Russia.^[1][2]

History

When Mieszko I (also Dagome) inherited the ducal throne from his father he probably ruled over two-thirds of the territory inhabited by eastern Lechite tribes. He united the Lechites east of theOder

(Polans, Masovians, Vistulans, Silesians) united into a single country: Poland. His son, Boleslav the Brave, with the assistance of Saint Adalbert,

Teza nabierała popularności od początków państwowości polskiej w IX wieku. Gerhard z Augsburga w pisanej w latach 983 - 993 hagiografii świętego Ulryka (Miracula Sancti Oudalrici) niejednokrotnie nazwał Mieszka I wodzem Wandalów (dux Wandalorum, Misico nomine). Cytowany fragment dotyczył legendy, według której zraniony zatrutą strzałą władca uniknął śmierci dzięki pomocy biskupa Augsburgu, Ulryka. Był to pierwszy dowód jednoznacznie wskazujący na przodków dzisiejszychPolaków

Sclavania igitur, amplissima Germaniae provintia, a Winulis incolitur, qui olim dicti sum Wandali; decies maior esse fertur nostra Saxonia, presertim si Boemiam et eos, qui trans Oddaram sunt, Polanos, quaia nec habitu nec lingua discrepant, in partem adiecreris Sclavaniae (łac. Słowiańszczyzna, największy z krajów germańskich, jest zamieszkana przez Winnilów, których dawniej zwano Wandalami. Jest to kraj przypuszczalnie większy nawet od naszej Saksonii; szczególnie jeżeli uwzględnimy w nim Czechów i Polan zza Odry, jako że nie różnią się te ludy ani obyczajem, ani językiem).

Niektórzy historycy sformułowanie Winnilowie uważają za zwykły błąd kronikarski, zaś domniemane wandalskie pochodzenie Słowian zachodnich za efekt pomyłki językowej (niem. Wenden - Słowianie; wyraz oparty niewątpliwie na łacińskim określeniu Venedi, jakim określano Wenedów). W takim rozumieniu Wandalowie i Wenedowie mieliby być jednym plemieniem. Za taką argumentacją przemawia fakt, iż do około 1000 roku nie istniało jeszcze jednolite określenie na państwo Polan, a w większości publikacji starano się naśladować nazewnictwo rzymskie.

Louis Petit De Bachaumont, Mathieu Franois Pidanzat De Mairobert, Barthélemy-François-Joseph Moufle d'Angerville - Afficher la publication entière

Dans ce tableau historique de Wanclick , le monarque est accompagné du marquis d'Haruilton , son premier écuyer ; il a derrière lui un page , fils de ce seigneur , qui porte le manteau do sa majesté Britannique. ...

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William Duckett - 1857 - Afficher la publication entière

est d'une couleur Wanclic; l'épiderme. est cendre, tout M qui est derme est blanc. « le pigmentuin n'est quVae, simple codeh«, un enduit, un dépôt, ajoate M.iF4o«en«, et non une membrane. La membrankqaileireooiurce est, une ï çii- lahle...

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1997 - Extraits

This kinematic formulation has been developed by Aitchison and Wanclik [1] and Mukunda and Simon [2]. Hilbert space being centra] to standard quantum theory, the quantum geometric phase has great relevance. From the kinematic approach,...

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West Publishing Company - 1936 - Extraits

Wanclik 256 Horowitz v. Beamish 760 Hortman, Appeal of 740 Horvat, In re 266 Ilostetler v. Kniseley 300 House v. Brant 628 Hubbard, Dobrowolski v 061 Hudson & MRR, Gross v 365 Huester. ...

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West Publishing Company - 1957 - Extraits

... it could reasonably be inferred that third party was agent of defendant in collecting claim, and not an independent contractor. Pub.Laws 1935, c. 2190, § 45.— Wanclik v. Franklin Auto Supply Co., 10 A.2d 349, 64 RI 76. ...

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Société des langues néo-latines - 1974 - Extraits

... langues néo-latines UER DE LETTRES et SCIENCES HUMAINES INSTITUT D'ESPAGNOL Mont Saint Aignan, le 8 février 1974 Sont présents : Mlles DECORTE, GRENET, RATHONIE Mmes ROIGEY, CARPENTIER, EDELIN, SEQUERRA, VA- LENTIN, 'WANCLICK MM. ...

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Tadeusz Łepkowski - 1990 - 321 pages - Extraits

Wanclik Elżbieta, 13 II 1930, Cagnas-les-Mines (Tarn); II - IV g. 1943 - 44, 1944 - 45 i 1945 - 46. Wandycz Piotr, 20 IV 1923, Kraków; II 1. 1940 - 41. Wawak Helena, 6 XII 1922, Moravska Ostrava (Czechosłowacja); I-II 1. mf (I 1. ...

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Gustav Sichelschmidt - 1980 - 212 pages - Extraits

Marne, an der Somme, am Chemin des Dames, vielleicht im Kampf gegen tschechische Legionäre, die Mares, der Sponar, der Wanclik . . . Das sind Namen, denen man überall begegnet zwischen alten deutschen, manchmal ist auf Flimmerschildern ...

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Edward Breza - 2000 - Extraits

... i Wencel oraz Wancel 49, z tego 26 w woj. zielonogórskim, 12 opolskim, por. też Wancław 20: 12 w woj. gdańskim, 7 zielonogórskim, 1 wrocławskim i pochodne Wanclik 23: 4 w woj. słupskim, 10 katowickim, 6 wrocławskim, 3 legnickim. ...

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